Research

Foil Bearing, Herringbone groove Thrust bearing, Reynolds Equation

We have over 10 years of experience with the latest developments in aerodynamic bearings.  Aerodynamic bearings functions by self generating pressure using the shaft rotational speed.  Air is dragged into a thin film at high speed causing it to compress and increase in pressure.  The pressure generated would be sufficient to support normal loads and resist against vibration and shock loads.

In comparison to conventional bearings, air bearings can operate at significantly higher speeds and with lower losses.  In most applications this also eliminate the need for complex cooling system for the bearing.  By simplifying the overall system, benefits are also seen from lower capital and running costs.  

A successful example of oil-free technology is the replacement of oil face seals with dry gas seals.  Dry gas seal uses air bearing technology and has revolutionised the oil and gas industry since the 1970's.  As the technology matured over the years we are now seeing a growing demand for air bearing technologies in a wide range of turbomachinery applications.

Aerodynamic Grooves Bearings

Spiral Groove Thrust Bearing

  • Micro grooved bearings has proven be one of the most efficient air bearing of its class.
  • Groove depths are typically only ten micrometers but can operate with very low lift-off speeds.
  • Groove patterns such as the Spiral and Herringbone have been optimised over the years for superior load capacity and stiffness.
  • We have the know-how to design unique groove patterns for your application and cost effective methods for producing grooves.

Active Control Bearings

Three lobe squeeze film bearing prototypeFinite element analysis - three lobe bearing

  • A journal bearing concept developed with an elastic bearing shell geometry and piezoelectric actuators.
  • Bearing clearance can actively deform from a circle to a three lobe geometry with micrometer accuracy.
  • Controlling the three lobe geometry improves the bearing stability and efficiency.
  • Cyclic operation of actuators at high frequency generates sufficient squeeze film pressure to levitate the shaft.
  • Design principle has been demonstrated for a number of bearings including linear sliders, tables and different lobe configurations.

Compliant Foil Bearings

Radial bump foil bearing

  • Foil bearings are popular for ultra-high speed turbomachinery applications..
  • The bearing consists mainly of a compliant top foil supported by bump foils.
  • The bump foil acts as a series of springs to offer additional damping, and to accommodate shaft thermal growths and transient loads.
  • NASA has completed an extensive research program on bump foil air bearings.

Bearing Design and Prototyping

Bearing design and computer modelling

  • Designing a bearing specific to the application requires good understanding of the operating conditions.
  • The bearing is an integral part of the machine assembly and will affect its rotordynamic response.
  • Numerical modelling and experience is key to a successful bearing design.  We have calculation tools to design a robust bearing that meets your application.
  • We can produce prototypes of bearings in our laboratory and assist with the manufacturing stage.

Papers on Air Bearings

Coating Wear Testing of Air Foil Bearings to Validate Fuel Cell System Applications [PDF]
Duc Ha
5th Gas Bearing Workshop, VDE, 27th March 2023, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Air foil bearings for oil-free, compact, ultra-efficient and fast machines [PDF]
Duc Ha
Advanced Engineering Expo, 3rd - 4th Nov. 2021, Birmingham NEC, UK.

Benefits of Air Foil Bearings for High Speed Machines above 100,000 rpm
Duc Ha
Bearing EXPO India, 15th - 16th Oct 2019, Mumbai, India.

Review on Recent Air Foil Bearings Designs [PDF]
Duc Ha
3rd Gas Bearing Workshop, VDE, 25th March 2019, Dusseldorf, Germany.

High Precision Manufacturing for Air Foil Bearings [PDF]
D N Ha and Yanmeng Xu
6th International Conference on Nanomanufacturing, NanoMan2018, 4th-6th July 2018, Brunel University London, UK.

Developing Active Lift Technology to Improve Seal Reliability for High Viscosity Oil Services [PDF]
Ha D N and Meck K-D
11th EDF/Pprime Workshop, “Behaviour of Dynamic Seals in Unexpected Operating Conditions” Futuroscope, September, 2012.

An aerodynamic bearing with adjustable geometry and self-lifting capacity Part 1: self-lift capacity by squeeze film [PDF]
D N Ha, TA Stolarski and S Yoshimoto
Proc. IMechE Vol. 219 Part J: J. Engineering Tribology, 2004.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of High-Speed Instability of Aerodynamic Foil Journal Bearings for Micro Turbo-machinery [PDF]
K Somaya, T Yamashita and S Yoshimoto
Proceedings of the ASME/STLE 2012 International Joint Tribology Conference.

Running Characteristics of Aerodynamic Bearing with Self-Lifting Capability at Low Rotational Speed [PDF]
Tadeusz Adam Stolarski
Advances in Tribology, Volume 2011, Article ID 973740, 10 pages, 2011.

Some fundamental aspects of self-levitating sliding contact bearings and their practical implementations [PDF]
MA Atherton, C Mares and TA Stolarski
Proc. IMechE Vol. 228(9) Part J. Engineering Tribology, 2014.